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177
man/man3/disk.3
177
man/man3/disk.3
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.TH DISK 3
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.SH NAME
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opendisk, Disk \- generic disk device interface
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.nf
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.ft L
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#include <u.h>
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#include <libc.h>
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#include <disk.h>
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.ft
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.PP
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.ft L
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typedef struct Disk {
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char *prefix;
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char part[NAMELEN];
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int fd, wfd, ctlfd, rdonly;
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int type;
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vlong secs, secsize, size, offset;
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int c, h, s;
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} Disk;
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.ft
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.PP
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.B
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Disk* opendisk(char *file, int rdonly, int noctl)
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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These routines provide a simple way to gather
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and use information about
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disks and disk partitions,
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as well as plain files.
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.PP
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.I Opendisk
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opens
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.I file
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for reading and stores the file descriptor in
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the
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.B fd
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field of the
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.B Disk
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structure.
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If
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.I rdonly
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is not set,
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.I opendisk
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also opens
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.I file
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for writing and stores that file descriptor in
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.BR wfd .
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The two file descriptors are kept separate to
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help prevent accidents.
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.PP
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If
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.I noctl
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is not set,
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.I opendisk
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looks for a
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.B ctl
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file in the same directory as the
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disk file;
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if it finds one, it declares
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the disk to be
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an
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.I sd
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device,
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setting the
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.B type
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field in the
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.B Disk
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structure
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to
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.BR Tsd .
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If the passed
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.I file
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is named
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.BI fd n disk \fR,
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it looks for a file
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.BI fd n ctl \fR,
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and if it finds that,
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declares the disk to be
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a floppy disk, of type
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.BR Tfloppy .
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If either
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control
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file is found, it is opened for reading
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and writing, and the resulting file descriptor
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is saved as
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.BR ctlfd .
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Otherwise the returned disk
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has type
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.BR Tfile .
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.PP
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.I Opendisk
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then stats the file and stores its length in
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.BR size .
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If the disk is an
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.I sd
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partition,
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.I opendisk
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reads the sector size from the
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control
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file and stores it in
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.BR secsize ;
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otherwise the sector size is assumed to be 512,
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as is the case for floppy disks.
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.I Opendisk
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then stores the disk size measured in sectors in
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.BR secs .
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.PP
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If the disk is an
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.I sd
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partition,
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.I opendisk
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parses the
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control
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file to find the partition's offset
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within its disk;
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otherwise it sets
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.B offset
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to zero.
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If the disk is an ATA disk,
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.I opendisk
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reads
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the disk geometry (number of cylinders, heads, and sectors)
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from the
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.B geometry
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line in the
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.I sd
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control file;
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otherwise it sets these to zero as well.
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.B Name
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is initialized with the base name of
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the disk partition, and is useful for forming messages to the
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.I sd
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control file.
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.B Prefix
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is set to the passed filename without
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the
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.B name
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suffix.
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.PP
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The IBM PC BIOS interface allocates
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10 bits for the number of cylinders, 8 for
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the number of heads, and 6 for the number of sectors per track.
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Disk geometries are not quite so simple
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anymore, but to keep the interface useful,
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modern disks and BIOSes present geometries
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that still fit within these constraints.
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These numbers are still used when partitioning
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and formatting disks.
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.I Opendisk
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employs a number of heuristics to discover this
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supposed geometry and store it in the
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.BR c ,
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.BR h ,
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and
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.B s
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fields.
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Disk offsets in partition tables and
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in FAT descriptors are stored in a form
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dependent upon these numbers, so
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.I opendisk
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works hard to report numbers that
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agree with those used by other operating
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systems; the numbers bear little or no resemblance
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to reality.
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.SH SOURCE
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.B \*9/src/libdisk/disk.c
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.SH SEE ALSO
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Plan 9's
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\fIfloppy\fR(3) and \fIsd\fR(3)
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.SH BUGS
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Disks on Unix systems do not present the interface
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that
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.I opendisk
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expects, so
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.I opendisk
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will give them type
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.BR Tfile .
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188
man/man3/scsi.3
188
man/man3/scsi.3
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.TH SCSI 3
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.SH NAME
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openscsi, scsiready, scsi, scsicmd, scsierror \- SCSI device operations
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.nf
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.ft L
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#include <u.h>
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#include <libc.h>
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#include <disk.h>
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.ft
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.PP
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.ft L
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typedef struct Scsi {
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char *inquire;
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int rawfd;
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int nchange;
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ulong changetime;
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};
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.ft
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.PP
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.B
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Scsi* openscsi(char *devdir)
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.PP
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.B
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void closescsi(Scsi *s)
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.PP
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.B
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int scsiready(Scsi *s)
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.PP
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.B
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int scsi(Scsi *s, uchar *cmd, int ncmd,
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.br
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void *data, int ndata, int dir)
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.PP
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.B
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int scsicmd(Scsi *s, uchar *cmd, int ncmd,
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.br
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void *data, int ndata, int dir)
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.PP
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.B
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char* scsierror(int asc, int ascq)
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.PP
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.B
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int scsiverbose;
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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These routines provide an interface
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to a SCSI or ATAPI device via Plan 9's
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\fIsd\fR(3).
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.PP
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.I Openscsi
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attempts to open the file
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.IB devdir /raw
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and use it to send raw SCSI commands.
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On success, it reads the device's inquiry
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string and stores it in in returned
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.B Scsi
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structure.
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.I Closescsi
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closes the connection and frees the
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.B Scsi
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structure.
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.PP
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.I Scsiready
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sends the ``unit ready'' command up to three times,
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returning zero if the unit responds that it is ready,
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or \-1 on error.
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.PP
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.I Scsierror
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returns a textual description of the SCSI status
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denoted by the ASC and ASCQ sense codes.
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The description is found by consulting
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.BR /sys/lib/scsicodes .
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The returned string will be overwritten by
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the next call to
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.IR scsierror .
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.PP
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.I Scsi
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and
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.I scsicmd
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execute a single SCSI command on the named device.
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There should be
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.I ncmd
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bytes of
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command data in
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.IR cmd ;
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if
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.I dir
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is
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.BR Sread ,
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a successful operation
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will store up to
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.I ndata
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bytes into
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.IR data ,
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returning the number of bytes stored.
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If
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.I dir
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is
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.BR Swrite ,
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the
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.I ndata
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bytes beginning at
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.I data
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are transmitted as the data argument to
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the command, and the
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number of bytes written is returned.
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If
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.I dir
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is
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.BR Snone ,
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.I data
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and
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.I ndata
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are ignored.
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On error,
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.I scsi
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and
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.I scsicmd
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return \-1.
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.I Scsicmd
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simply issues the command and
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returns the result;
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.I scsi
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works a bit harder and
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is the more commonly used routine.
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.I Scsi
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attempts to send the command;
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if it is successful,
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.I scsi
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returns what
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.I scsicmd
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returned.
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Otherwise,
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.I scsi
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sends a request sense command to
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obtain the reason for the failure,
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sends a unit ready command in
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an attempt to bring the unit out of any
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inconsistent states, and tries again.
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If the second try fails,
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.I scsi
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sends the request
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sense and unit ready commands
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again
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and then uses
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.I scsierror
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to set
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.I errstr
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with a reason for failure.
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.PP
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The
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.B nchange
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and
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.B changetime
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fields
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in the
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.B Scsi
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structure
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record the number of times a media
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change has been detected, and the
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time when the current media was
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inserted into the drive (really the
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first time a SCSI command was issued
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after it was inserted).
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They are maintained by
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.IR scsi .
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.PP
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If
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.I scsiverbose
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is set,
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these commands will produce a fair
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amount of debugging output on file descriptor 2
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when SCSI commands fail.
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.SH FILES
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.TP
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.B /sys/lib/scsicodes
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List of textual messages corresponding to SCSI error codes;
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consulted by
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.BR scsierror .
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.SH SOURCE
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.B \*9/src/libdisk/scsi.c
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.SH SEE ALSO
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Plan 9's
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\fIsd\fR(3) and
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\fIscuzz\fR(8)
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.SH BUGS
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SCSI devices on Unix do not present the interface expected by
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these routines.
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