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man/man1/grap.1
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man/man1/grap.1
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.TH GRAP 1
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.SH NAME
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grap \- pic preprocessor for drawing graphs
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B grap
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[
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.I file ...
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]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.I Grap
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is a
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.IR pic (1)
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preprocessor for drawing graphs on a typesetter.
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Graphs are surrounded by the
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.I troff
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`commands'
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.B \&.G1
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and
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.BR \&.G2 .
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Data are scaled and plotted,
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with tick marks supplied automatically.
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Commands exist to modify the frame,
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add labels, override the default ticks,
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change the plotting style,
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define coordinate ranges and transformations,
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and include data from files.
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In addition,
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.I grap
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provides the same loops, conditionals, and macro processing that
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.I pic
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does.
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.PP
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.BI frame
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.B ht
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.I e
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.B wid
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.I e
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.B top
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.B dotted
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.IR ... :
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Set the frame around the graph to specified
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.B ht
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and
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.BR wid ;
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default is 2 by 3 (inches).
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The line
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.I styles
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.RB ( dotted ,
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.BR dashed ,
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.BR invis ,
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.BR solid
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(default))
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of the
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.I sides
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.RB ( top ,
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.BR bot ,
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.BR left ,
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.BR right )
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of the frame can be set
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independently.
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.PP
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.B label
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.I side
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.B \&"a label"
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.B \&"as a set of strings"
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.IR adjust :
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Place label on specified side; default side is bottom.
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.I adjust
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is
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.B up
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(or
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.B down
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.B left
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.BR right )
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.I expr
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to shift default position;
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.B width
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.I expr
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sets the width explicitly.
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.PP
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.BI ticks
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.I side
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.B in
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.B at
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.IR "optname expr, expr, ..." :
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Put ticks on
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.I side
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at
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.I "expr, ...,
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and label with
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.I \&"expr"\f1.
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If any
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.I expr
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is followed by "...", label tick with "...",
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and turn off all automatic labels.
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If "..." contains
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.BR %f 's,
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they will be interpreted as
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.B printf
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formatting instructions for the tick value.
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Ticks point
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.B in
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or
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.B out
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(default out).
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Tick iterator: instead of
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.B at
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.IR \&... ,
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use
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.BI from
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.I expr
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.B to
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.I expr
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.B by
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.I "op expr
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where
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.I op
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is optionally
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.B +-*/
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for additive or multiplicative steps.
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.B by
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can be omitted, to give steps of size 1.
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If no ticks are requested, they are supplied automatically;
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suppress this with
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.B ticks
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.BR off .
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Automatic ticks normally
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leave a margin of 7% on each side; set this to anything by
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.B margin
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.B =
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.IR expr .
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.PP
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.B grid
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.I "side linedesc"
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.B at
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.IR "optname expr, expr, ..." :
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Draw grids perpendicular to
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.I side
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in style
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.I linedesc
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at
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.I "expr, ....\&
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Iterators and labels work as with ticks.
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.PP
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.B coord
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.I optname
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.B x
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.I "min, max"
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.B y
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.I "min, max"
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.B "log x
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.BR " log y" :
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Set range of coords and optional log scaling on either or both.
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This overrides computation of data range.
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Default value of
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.I optname
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is current coordinate system
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(each
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.B coord
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defines a new coordinate system).
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.PP
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.B plot
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.I \&"str"
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.B at
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.IR point ;
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.B
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.I \&"str"
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.B at
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.IR point :
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Put
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.I str
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at
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.IR point .
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Text position can be qualified with
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.BR rjust ,
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.BR ljust ,
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.BR above ,
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.BR below
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after "...".
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.PP
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.B line
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.B from
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.I point
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.B to
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.IR "point linedesc" :
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Draw line from here to there.
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.B arrow
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works in place of
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.BR line .
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.PP
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.B next
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.I optname
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.B at
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.IR "point linedesc" :
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Continue plot of data in
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.I optname to
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.IR point ;
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default is current.
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.PP
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.BI draw
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.IR "optname linedesc ..." :
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Set mode for
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.BR next :
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use this style from now on,
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and plot "..." at each point (if given).
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.PP
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.BI new
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.IR "optname linedesc ..." :
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Set mode for
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.BR next ,
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but disconnect from previous.
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.PP
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A list of numbers
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.I "x y1 y2 y3 ...
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is treated as
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.B plot
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.B bullet
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.B at
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.IR x,y1 ;
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.B plot
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.B bullet
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.B at
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.IR x,y2 ;
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etc., or as
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.B next
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.B at
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.I x,y1
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etc., if
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.B draw
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is specified.
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Abscissae of 1,2,3,... are provided if there is only one input number per line.
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.PP
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A
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point
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.I "optname expr, expr
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maps the point to the named coordinate system.
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A
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.I linedesc
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is one of
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.B dot
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.B dash
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.B invis
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.B solid
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optionally followed by an expression.
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.PP
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.BI define
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.I name
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.BI { whatever } \f1:
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Define a macro.
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There are macros already defined for standard plotting
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symbols like
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.BR bullet ,
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.BR circle ,
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.BR star ,
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.BR plus ,
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etc., in
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.BR /sys/lib/grap.defines ,
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which is included if it exists.
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.PP
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.I var
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.B =
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.IR expr :
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Evaluate an expression.
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Operators are
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.B=
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.B +
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.B -
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.B *
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and
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.BR / .
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Functions are
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.B log
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and
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.B exp
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(both base 10),
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.BR sin ,
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.BR cos ,
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.BR sqrt ;
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.B rand
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returns random number on [0,1);
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.BI max( e , e )\f1,
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.BI min( e , e )\f1,
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.BI int( e )\f1.
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.PP
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.B print
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.IR expr ;
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.B print
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\fL"\f2...\fL"\f1:
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As a debugging aid, print
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.I expr
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or
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.I string
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on the standard error.
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.PP
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.B copy
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\fL"\fIfile name\fL"\fR:
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Include this file right here.
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.PP
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.B copy
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.B thru
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.IR macro :
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Pass rest of input (until
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.BR \&.G2 )
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through
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.IR macro ,
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treating each field (non-blank, or "...") as an argument.
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.I macro
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can be the name of a macro previously defined,
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or the body of one in place, like
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.BR "/plot $1 at $2,$3/" .
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.PP
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.B copy
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.B thru
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.I macro
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.B until
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\fL"\fIstring\fL"\fR:
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Stop copy when input is
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.I string
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(left-justified).
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.PP
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.BI pic
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.IR "remainder of line" :
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Copy to output with leading blanks removed.
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.PP
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.BI graph
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.IR "Name pic-position" :
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Start a new frame, place it at specified position,
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e.g.,
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.B graph
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.B Thing2
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.BR "with .sw at Thing1.se + (0.1,0)" .
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.I Name
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must be capitalized to keep
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.I pic
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happy.
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.PP
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.BI \&. "anything at beginning of
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.IR line :
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Copied verbatim.
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.PP
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.B sh
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.BI % anything
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.BR % :
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Pass everything between the
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.BR % 's
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to the shell;
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as with macros,
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.B %
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may be any character and
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.I anything
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may include newlines.
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.PP
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.B #
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.IR anything :
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A comment, which is discarded.
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.PP
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Order is mostly irrelevant; no category is mandatory.
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Any arguments on the
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.B \&.G1
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line are placed on the generated
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.B \&.PS
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line for
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.IR pic .
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.SH EXAMPLES
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.EX
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.ps -1
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.vs -1
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\&.G1
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frame ht 1 top invis right invis
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coord x 0, 10 y 1, 3 log y
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ticks left in at 1 "bottommost tick", 2,3 "top tick"
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ticks bot in from 0 to 10 by 2
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label bot "silly graph"
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label left "left side label" "here"
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grid left dashed at 2.5
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copy thru / circle at $1,$2 /
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1 1
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2 1.5
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3 2
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4 1.5
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10 3
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\&.G2
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.G1
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frame ht 1 top invis right invis
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coord x 0, 10 y 1, 3 log y
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ticks left in at 1 "bottommost tick", 2,3 "top tick"
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ticks bot in from 0 to 10 by 2
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label bot "silly graph"
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label left "left side label" "here"
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grid left dashed at 2.5
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copy thru / circle at $1,$2 /
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1 1
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2 1.5
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3 2
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4 1.5
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10 3
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.G2
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.ps
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.vs
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.EE
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.SH FILES
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.TF /sys/lib/grap.defines
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.TP
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.B /sys/lib/grap.defines
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definitions of standard plotting characters, e.g., bullet
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.SH SOURCE
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.B /sys/src/cmd/grap
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.IR pic (1),
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.IR troff (1)
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.br
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J. L. Bentley and B. W. Kernighan,
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``GRAP\(emA Language for Typesetting Graphs'',
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.I
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Unix Research System Programmer's Manual,
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Tenth Edition, Volume 2.
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