Lots of man pages.
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885
man/man1/sam.1
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885
man/man1/sam.1
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.TH SAM 1
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.ds a \fR*\ \fP
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.SH NAME
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sam, B, sam.save \- screen editor with structural regular expressions
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B sam
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[
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.I option ...
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] [
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.I files
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]
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.PP
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.B sam
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.B -r
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.I machine
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.PP
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.B sam.save
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.PP
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.B B
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[
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.BI -nnnn
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]
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.I file ...
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.I Sam
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is a multi-file editor.
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It modifies a local copy of an external file.
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The copy is here called a
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.IR file .
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The files are listed in a menu available through mouse button 3
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or the
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.B n
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command.
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Each file has an associated name, usually the name of the
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external file from which it was read, and a `modified' bit that indicates whether
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the editor's file agrees with the external file.
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The external file is not read into
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the editor's file until it first becomes the current file\(emthat to
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which editing commands apply\(emwhereupon its menu entry is printed.
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The options are
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.TF -rmachine
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.TP
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.B -d
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Do not `download' the terminal part of
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.IR sam .
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Editing will be done with the command language only, as in
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.IR ed (1).
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.TP
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.BI -r " machine
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Run the host part remotely
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on the specified machine, the terminal part locally.
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.TP
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.BI -s " path
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Start the host part from the specified file on the remote host.
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Only meaningful with the
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.BI -r
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option.
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.TP
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.BI -t " path
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Start the terminal part from the specified file. Useful
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for debugging.
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.PD
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.SS Regular expressions
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Regular expressions are as in
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.IR regexp (6)
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with the addition of
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.BR \en
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to represent newlines.
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A regular expression may never contain a literal newline character.
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The empty
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regular expression stands for the last complete expression encountered.
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A regular expression in
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.I sam
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matches the longest leftmost substring formally
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matched by the expression.
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Searching in the reverse direction is equivalent
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to searching backwards with the catenation operations reversed in
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the expression.
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.SS Addresses
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An address identifies a substring in a file.
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In the following, `character
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.IR n '
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means the null string
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after the
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.IR n -th
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character in the file, with 1 the
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first character in the file.
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`Line
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.IR n '
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means the
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.IR n -th
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match,
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starting at the beginning of the file, of the regular expression
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.LR .*\en? .
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All files always have a current substring, called dot,
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that is the default address.
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.SS Simple Addresses
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.PD 0
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.TP
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.BI # n
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The empty string after character
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.IR n ;
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.B #0
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is the beginning of the file.
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.TP
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.I n
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Line
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.IR n ;
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.B 0
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is the beginning of the file.
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.TP
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.BI / regexp /
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.PD 0
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.TP
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.BI ? regexp ?
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The substring that matches the regular expression,
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found by looking toward the end
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.RB ( / )
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or beginning
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.RB ( ? )
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of the file,
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and if necessary continuing the search from the other end to the
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starting point of the search.
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The matched substring may straddle
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the starting point.
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When entering a pattern containing a literal question mark
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for a backward search, the question mark should be
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specified as a member of a class.
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.PD
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.TP
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.B 0
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The string before the first full line.
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This is not necessarily
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the null string; see
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.B +
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and
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.B -
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below.
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.TP
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.B $
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The null string at the end of the file.
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.TP
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.B .
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Dot.
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.TP
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.B \&'
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The mark in the file (see the
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.B k
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command below).
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.TP
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\fB"\f2regexp\fB"\f1\f1
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Preceding a simple address (default
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.BR . ),
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refers to the address evaluated in the unique file whose menu line
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matches the regular expression.
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.PD
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.SS Compound Addresses
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In the following,
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.I a1
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and
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.I a2
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are addresses.
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.TF a1+a2
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.TP
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.IB a1 + a2
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The address
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.I a2
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evaluated starting at the end of
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.IR a1 .
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.TP
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.IB a1 - a2
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The address
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.I a2
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evaluated looking in the reverse direction
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starting at the beginning of
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.IR a1 .
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.TP
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.IB a1 , a2
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The substring from the beginning of
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.I a1
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to the end of
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.IR a2 .
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If
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.I a1
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is missing,
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.B 0
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is substituted.
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If
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.I a2
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is missing,
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.B $
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is substituted.
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.TP
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.IB a1 ; a2
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Like
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.IB a1 , a2\f1,
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but with
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.I a2
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evaluated at the end of, and dot set to,
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.IR a1 .
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.PD
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.PP
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The operators
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.B +
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and
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.B -
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are high precedence, while
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.B ,
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and
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.B ;
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are low precedence.
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.PP
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In both
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.B +
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and
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.B -
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forms, if
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.I a2
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is a line or character address with a missing
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number, the number defaults to 1.
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If
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.I a1
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is missing,
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.L .
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is substituted.
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If both
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.I a1
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and
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.I a2
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are present and distinguishable,
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.B +
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may be elided.
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.I a2
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may be a regular
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expression; if it is delimited by
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.LR ? 's,
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the effect of the
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.B +
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or
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.B -
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is reversed.
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.PP
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It is an error for a compound address to represent a malformed substring.
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Some useful idioms:
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.IB a1 +-
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\%(\f2a1\fB-+\f1)
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selects the line containing
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the end (beginning) of a1.
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.BI 0/ regexp /
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locates the first match of the expression in the file.
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(The form
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.B 0;//
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sets dot unnecessarily.)
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.BI ./ regexp ///
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finds the second following occurrence of the expression,
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and
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.BI .,/ regexp /
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extends dot.
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.SS Commands
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In the following, text demarcated by slashes represents text delimited
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by any printable
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character except alphanumerics.
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Any number of
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trailing delimiters may be elided, with multiple elisions then representing
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null strings, but the first delimiter must always
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be present.
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In any delimited text,
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newline may not appear literally;
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.B \en
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may be typed for newline; and
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.B \e/
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quotes the delimiter, here
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.LR / .
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Backslash is otherwise interpreted literally, except in
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.B s
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commands.
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.PP
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Most commands may be prefixed by an address to indicate their range
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of operation.
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Those that may not are marked with a
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.L *
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below.
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If a command takes
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an address and none is supplied, dot is used.
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The sole exception is
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the
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.B w
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command, which defaults to
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.BR 0,$ .
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In the description, `range' is used
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to represent whatever address is supplied.
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Many commands set the
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value of dot as a side effect.
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If so, it is always set to the `result'
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of the change: the empty string for a deletion, the new text for an
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insertion, etc. (but see the
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.B s
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and
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.B e
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commands).
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.br
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.ne 1.2i
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.SS Text commands
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.PD 0
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.TP
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.BI a/ text /
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.TP
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or
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.TP
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.B a
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.TP
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.I lines of text
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.TP
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.B .
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Insert the text into the file after the range.
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Set dot.
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.PD
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.TP
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.B c\fP
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.br
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.ns
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.TP
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.B i\fP
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Same as
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.BR a ,
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but
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.B c
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replaces the text, while
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.B i
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inserts
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.I before
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the range.
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.TP
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.B d
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Delete the text in the range.
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Set dot.
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.TP
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.BI s/ regexp / text /
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Substitute
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.I text
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for the first match to the regular expression in the range.
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Set dot to the modified range.
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In
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.I text
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the character
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.B &
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stands for the string
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that matched the expression.
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Backslash behaves as usual unless followed by
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a digit:
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.BI \e d
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stands for the string that matched the
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subexpression begun by the
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.IR d -th
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left parenthesis.
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If
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.I s
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is followed immediately by a
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number
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.IR n ,
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as in
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.BR s2/x/y/ ,
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the
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.IR n -th
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match in the range is substituted.
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If the
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command is followed by a
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.BR g ,
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as in
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.BR s/x/y/g ,
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all matches in the range
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are substituted.
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.TP
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.BI m " a1
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.br
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.ns
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.TP
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.BI t " a1
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Move
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.RB ( m )
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or copy
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.RB ( t )
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the range to after
|
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.IR a1 .
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Set dot.
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.SS Display commands
|
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.PD 0
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.TP
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.B p
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Print the text in the range.
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Set dot.
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.TP
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.B =
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Print the line address and character address of the range.
|
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.TP
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.B =#
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Print just the character address of the range.
|
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.PD
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.SS File commands
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.PD 0
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.TP
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.BI \*ab " file-list
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Set the current file to the first file named in the list
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that
|
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.I sam
|
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also has in its menu.
|
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The list may be expressed
|
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.BI < "Plan 9 command"
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in which case the file names are taken as words (in the shell sense)
|
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generated by the Plan 9 command.
|
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.TP
|
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.BI \*aB " file-list
|
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Same as
|
||||
.BR b ,
|
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except that file names not in the menu are entered there,
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and all file names in the list are examined.
|
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.TP
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.B \*an
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Print a menu of files.
|
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The format is:
|
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.RS
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.TP 11
|
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.BR ' " or blank
|
||||
indicating the file is modified or clean,
|
||||
.TP 11
|
||||
.BR - " or \&" +
|
||||
indicating the file is unread or has been read
|
||||
(in the terminal,
|
||||
.B *
|
||||
means more than one window is open),
|
||||
.TP 11
|
||||
.BR . " or blank
|
||||
indicating the current file,
|
||||
.TP 11
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a blank,
|
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.TP 11
|
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and the file name.
|
||||
.RE
|
||||
.TP 0
|
||||
.BI \*aD " file-list
|
||||
Delete the named files from the menu.
|
||||
If no files are named, the current file is deleted.
|
||||
It is an error to
|
||||
.B D
|
||||
a modified file, but a subsequent
|
||||
.B D
|
||||
will delete such a file.
|
||||
.PD
|
||||
.SS I/O Commands
|
||||
.PD 0
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BI \*ae " filename
|
||||
Replace the file by the contents of the named external file.
|
||||
Set dot to the beginning of the file.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BI r " filename
|
||||
Replace the text in the range by the contents of the named external file.
|
||||
Set dot.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BI w " filename
|
||||
Write the range (default
|
||||
.BR 0,$ )
|
||||
to the named external file.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BI \*af " filename
|
||||
Set the file name and print the resulting menu entry.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
If the file name is absent from any of these, the current file name is used.
|
||||
.B e
|
||||
always sets the file name;
|
||||
.B r
|
||||
and
|
||||
.B w
|
||||
do so if the file has no name.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BI < " Plan 9-command
|
||||
Replace the range by the standard output of the
|
||||
Plan 9 command.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BI > " Plan 9-command
|
||||
Send the range to the standard input of the
|
||||
Plan 9 command.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BI | " Plan 9-command
|
||||
Send the range to the standard input, and replace it by
|
||||
the standard output, of the
|
||||
Plan 9 command.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BI \*a! " Plan 9-command
|
||||
Run the
|
||||
Plan 9 command.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BI \*acd " directory
|
||||
Change working directory.
|
||||
If no directory is specified,
|
||||
.B $home
|
||||
is used.
|
||||
.PD
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
In any of
|
||||
.BR < ,
|
||||
.BR > ,
|
||||
.B |
|
||||
or
|
||||
.BR ! ,
|
||||
if the
|
||||
.I Plan 9 command
|
||||
is omitted the last
|
||||
.I Plan 9 command
|
||||
(of any type) is substituted.
|
||||
If
|
||||
.I sam
|
||||
is
|
||||
.I downloaded
|
||||
(using the mouse and raster display, i.e. not using option
|
||||
.BR -d ),
|
||||
.B !
|
||||
sets standard input to
|
||||
.BR /dev/null ,
|
||||
and otherwise
|
||||
unassigned output
|
||||
.RB ( stdout
|
||||
for
|
||||
.B !
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR > ,
|
||||
.B stderr
|
||||
for all) is placed in
|
||||
.B /tmp/sam.err
|
||||
and the first few lines are printed.
|
||||
.SS Loops and Conditionals
|
||||
.PD 0
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BI x/ regexp / " command
|
||||
For each match of the regular expression in the range, run the command
|
||||
with dot set to the match.
|
||||
Set dot to the last match.
|
||||
If the regular
|
||||
expression and its slashes are omitted,
|
||||
.L /.*\en/
|
||||
is assumed.
|
||||
Null string matches potentially occur before every character
|
||||
of the range and at the end of the range.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BI y/ regexp / " command
|
||||
Like
|
||||
.BR x ,
|
||||
but run the command for each substring that lies before, between,
|
||||
or after
|
||||
the matches that would be generated by
|
||||
.BR x .
|
||||
There is no default regular expression.
|
||||
Null substrings potentially occur before every character
|
||||
in the range.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BI \*aX/ regexp / " command
|
||||
For each file whose menu entry matches the regular expression,
|
||||
make that the current file and
|
||||
run the command.
|
||||
If the expression is omitted, the command is run
|
||||
in every file.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BI \*aY/ regexp / " command
|
||||
Same as
|
||||
.BR X ,
|
||||
but for files that do not match the regular expression,
|
||||
and the expression is required.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BI g/ regexp / " command
|
||||
.br
|
||||
.ns
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BI v/ regexp / " command
|
||||
If the range contains
|
||||
.RB ( g )
|
||||
or does not contain
|
||||
.RB ( v )
|
||||
a match for the expression,
|
||||
set dot to the range and run the command.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
These may be nested arbitrarily deeply, but only one instance of either
|
||||
.B X
|
||||
or
|
||||
.B Y
|
||||
may appear in a \%single command.
|
||||
An empty command in an
|
||||
.B x
|
||||
or
|
||||
.B y
|
||||
defaults to
|
||||
.BR p ;
|
||||
an empty command in
|
||||
.B X
|
||||
or
|
||||
.B Y
|
||||
defaults to
|
||||
.BR f .
|
||||
.B g
|
||||
and
|
||||
.B v
|
||||
do not have defaults.
|
||||
.PD
|
||||
.SS Miscellany
|
||||
.TF (empty)
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B k
|
||||
Set the current file's mark to the range. Does not set dot.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B \*aq
|
||||
Quit.
|
||||
It is an error to quit with modified files, but a second
|
||||
.B q
|
||||
will succeed.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BI \*au " n
|
||||
Undo the last
|
||||
.I n
|
||||
(default 1)
|
||||
top-level commands that changed the contents or name of the
|
||||
current file, and any other file whose most recent change was simultaneous
|
||||
with the current file's change.
|
||||
Successive
|
||||
.BR u 's
|
||||
move further back in time.
|
||||
The only commands for which u is ineffective are
|
||||
.BR cd ,
|
||||
.BR u ,
|
||||
.BR q ,
|
||||
.B w
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR D .
|
||||
If
|
||||
.I n
|
||||
is negative,
|
||||
.B u
|
||||
`redoes,' undoing the undo, going forwards in time again.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
(empty)
|
||||
If the range is explicit, set dot to the range.
|
||||
If
|
||||
.I sam
|
||||
is downloaded, the resulting dot is selected on the screen;
|
||||
otherwise it is printed.
|
||||
If no address is specified (the
|
||||
command is a newline) dot is extended in either direction to
|
||||
line boundaries and printed.
|
||||
If dot is thereby unchanged, it is set to
|
||||
.B .+1
|
||||
and printed.
|
||||
.PD
|
||||
.SS Grouping and multiple changes
|
||||
Commands may be grouped by enclosing them in braces
|
||||
.BR {} .
|
||||
Commands within the braces must appear on separate lines (no backslashes are
|
||||
required between commands).
|
||||
Semantically, an opening brace is like a command:
|
||||
it takes an (optional) address and sets dot for each sub-command.
|
||||
Commands within the braces are executed sequentially, but changes made
|
||||
by one command are not visible to other commands (see the next
|
||||
paragraph).
|
||||
Braces may be nested arbitrarily.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
When a command makes a number of changes to a file, as in
|
||||
.BR x/re/c/text/ ,
|
||||
the addresses of all changes to the file are computed in the original file.
|
||||
If the changes are in sequence,
|
||||
they are applied to the file.
|
||||
Successive insertions at the same address are catenated into a single
|
||||
insertion composed of the several insertions in the order applied.
|
||||
.SS The terminal
|
||||
What follows refers to behavior of
|
||||
.I sam
|
||||
when downloaded, that is, when
|
||||
operating as a display editor on a raster display.
|
||||
This is the default
|
||||
behavior; invoking
|
||||
.I sam
|
||||
with the
|
||||
.B -d
|
||||
(no download) option provides access
|
||||
to the command language only.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Each file may have zero or more windows open.
|
||||
Each window is equivalent
|
||||
and is updated simultaneously with changes in other windows on the same file.
|
||||
Each window has an independent value of dot, indicated by a highlighted
|
||||
substring on the display.
|
||||
Dot may be in a region not within
|
||||
the window.
|
||||
There is usually a `current window',
|
||||
marked with a dark border, to which typed text and editing
|
||||
commands apply.
|
||||
Text may be typed and edited as in
|
||||
.IR rio (1);
|
||||
also the escape key (ESC) selects (sets dot to) text typed
|
||||
since the last mouse button hit.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
The button 3 menu controls window operations.
|
||||
The top of the menu
|
||||
provides the following operators, each of which uses one or
|
||||
more
|
||||
.IR rio -like
|
||||
cursors to prompt for selection of a window or sweeping
|
||||
of a rectangle.
|
||||
`Sweeping' a null rectangle gets a large window, disjoint
|
||||
from the command window or the whole screen, depending on
|
||||
where the null rectangle is.
|
||||
.TF resize
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B new
|
||||
Create a new, empty file.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B zerox
|
||||
Create a copy of an existing window.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B resize
|
||||
As in
|
||||
.IR rio .
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B close
|
||||
Delete the window.
|
||||
In the last window of a file,
|
||||
.B close
|
||||
is equivalent to a
|
||||
.B D
|
||||
for the file.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B write
|
||||
Equivalent to a
|
||||
.B w
|
||||
for the file.
|
||||
.PD
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Below these operators is a list of available files, starting with
|
||||
.BR ~~sam~~ ,
|
||||
the command window.
|
||||
Selecting a file from the list makes the most recently
|
||||
used window on that file current, unless it is already current, in which
|
||||
case selections cycle through the open windows.
|
||||
If no windows are open
|
||||
on the file, the user is prompted to open one.
|
||||
Files other than
|
||||
.B ~~sam~~
|
||||
are marked with one of the characters
|
||||
.B -+*
|
||||
according as zero, one, or more windows
|
||||
are open on the file.
|
||||
A further mark
|
||||
.L .
|
||||
appears on the file in the current window and
|
||||
a single quote,
|
||||
.BR ' ,
|
||||
on a file modified since last write.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
The command window, created automatically when
|
||||
.B sam
|
||||
starts, is an ordinary window except that text typed to it
|
||||
is interpreted as commands for the editor rather than passive text,
|
||||
and text printed by editor commands appears in it.
|
||||
The behavior is like
|
||||
.IR rio ,
|
||||
with an `output point' that separates commands being typed from
|
||||
previous output.
|
||||
Commands typed in the command window apply to the
|
||||
current open file\(emthe file in the most recently
|
||||
current window.
|
||||
.SS Manipulating text
|
||||
Button 1 changes selection, much like
|
||||
.IR rio .
|
||||
Pointing to a non-current window with button 1 makes it current;
|
||||
within the current window, button 1 selects text, thus setting dot.
|
||||
Double-clicking selects text to the boundaries of words, lines,
|
||||
quoted strings or bracketed strings, depending on the text at the click.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Button 2 provides a menu of editing commands:
|
||||
.TF /regexp
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B cut
|
||||
Delete dot and save the deleted text in the snarf buffer.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B paste
|
||||
Replace the text in dot by the contents of the snarf buffer.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B snarf
|
||||
Save the text in dot in the snarf buffer.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B plumb
|
||||
Send the text in the selection as a plumb
|
||||
message. If the selection is empty,
|
||||
the white-space-delimited block of text is sent as a plumb message
|
||||
with a
|
||||
.B click
|
||||
attribute defining where the selection lies (see
|
||||
.IR plumb (6)).
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B look
|
||||
Search forward for the next occurrence of the literal text in dot.
|
||||
If dot is the null string, the text in the snarf buffer is
|
||||
used.
|
||||
The snarf buffer is unaffected.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B <rio>
|
||||
Exchange snarf buffers with
|
||||
.IR rio .
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BI / regexp
|
||||
Search forward for the next match of the last regular expression
|
||||
typed in a command.
|
||||
(Not in command window.)
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B send
|
||||
Send the text in dot, or the snarf buffer if
|
||||
dot is the null string, as if it were typed to the command window.
|
||||
Saves the sent text in the snarf buffer.
|
||||
(Command window only.)
|
||||
.PD
|
||||
.SS External communication
|
||||
.I Sam
|
||||
listens to the
|
||||
.B edit
|
||||
plumb port.
|
||||
If plumbing is not active,
|
||||
on invocation
|
||||
.I sam
|
||||
creates a named pipe
|
||||
.BI /srv/sam. user
|
||||
which acts as an additional source of commands. Characters written to
|
||||
the named pipe are treated as if they had been typed in the command window.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.I B
|
||||
is a shell-level command that causes an instance of
|
||||
.I sam
|
||||
running on the same terminal to load the named
|
||||
.IR files .
|
||||
.I B
|
||||
uses either plumbing or the named pipe, whichever service is available.
|
||||
If plumbing is not enabled,
|
||||
the option allows a line number to be specified for
|
||||
the initial position to display in the last named file
|
||||
(plumbing provides a more general mechanism for this ability).
|
||||
.SS Abnormal termination
|
||||
If
|
||||
.I sam
|
||||
terminates other than by a
|
||||
.B q
|
||||
command (by hangup, deleting its window, etc.), modified
|
||||
files are saved in an
|
||||
executable file,
|
||||
.BR $home/sam.save .
|
||||
This program, when executed, asks whether to write
|
||||
each file back to a external file.
|
||||
The answer
|
||||
.L y
|
||||
causes writing; anything else skips the file.
|
||||
.SH FILES
|
||||
.TF /sys/src/cmd/samterm
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B $home/sam.save
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B $home/sam.err
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B /sys/lib/samsave
|
||||
the program called to unpack
|
||||
.BR $home/sam.save .
|
||||
.SH SOURCE
|
||||
.TF /sys/src/cmd/samterm
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B /sys/src/cmd/sam
|
||||
source for
|
||||
.I sam
|
||||
itself
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B /sys/src/cmd/samterm
|
||||
source for the separate terminal part
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B /rc/bin/B
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
.IR ed (1),
|
||||
.IR sed (1),
|
||||
.IR grep (1),
|
||||
.IR rio (1),
|
||||
.IR regexp (6).
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Rob Pike,
|
||||
``The text editor sam''.
|
||||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue