Some man pages.
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82
man/man4/0intro.4
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82
man/man4/0intro.4
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.TH INTRO 4
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.SH NAME
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intro \- introduction to file servers
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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A Plan 9
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.I "file server"
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provides a file tree to processes.
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This section of the manual describes servers that can be
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mounted in a name space to give a file-like interface to interesting services.
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A file server may be a provider of a conventional file system,
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with files maintained on permanent storage,
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or it may also be a process that synthesizes files in some manner.
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.PP
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In Plan 9, the kernel mount device
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\fImnt\fR(3)
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acts as a client to the 9P servers mounted in the current name space,
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translating system calls such as
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.IR open (2)
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into 9P transactions such as
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.IR open (9p).
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The kernel also multiplexes the potentially many processes onto a single 9P conversation
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with each server.
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Finally, the kernel provides each process with its own private
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.I name space
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which it can customize at will.
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Modern Unix systems do not provide these niceties, so
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the Unix port of these Plan 9 file servers provides them via other means.
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.PP
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On Unix, 9P clients do not access servers via the traditional
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file system call interface. Only the Unix name space can be accessed
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that way.
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Instead, 9P clients use the
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.IR 9pclient (3)
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library to connect and interact directly with particular 9P servers.
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The
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.IR 9p (1)
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command-line client is useful for interactive use and in shell scripts.
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.PP
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To preserve the façade of a single 9P conversation with each server,
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9P servers invoke
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.IR 9pserve (4),
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typically via
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.IR post9pservice (3).
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.I 9pserve
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announces a 9P service at a particular
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network address and multiplexes the clients that connect to
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that address onto a single 9P conversation with the server.
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.PP
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Each ported program operates in a pseudo-name space
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that determines which 9P servers it is using.
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The name space of a ported program is represented by a
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directory containing Unix domain sockets, one for each 9P server.
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The directory defaults to
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.BR /tmp/ns.$USER.$DISPLAY ,
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meaning that all programs in an X Windows login session
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share a single name space.
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Setting the
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.B $NAMESPACE
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environment variable overrides this default.
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The
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.IR namespace (1)
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command prints the current name space directory.
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.PP
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Occasionally it is useful to be able to connect the input or output
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of a standard Unix program to a file served by a 9P server.
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The new
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.IR openfd (9p)
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9P transaction, which depends on file descriptor passing,
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provides a sufficient workaround in many cases.
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.IR 9pserve 's
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implementation of
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.I openfd
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(see also
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.I fsopenfd
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in
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.IR 9pclient (3))
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returns the read or write end of a pipe;
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a helper process transfers data between the other end of the pipe
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and the 9P server.
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Note that since the data is being transferred via a pipe,
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9P read and write errors cannot be passed on to the Unix program.
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The Unix program sees only end-of-file or a closed pipe.
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46
man/man4/9pserve.4
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46
man/man4/9pserve.4
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.TH 9PSERVE 4
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.SH NAME
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9pserve \- announce and multiplex 9P service
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B 9pserve
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[
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.B -v
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]
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.I addr
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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On Plan 9, when a user-level file server mounts itself into a name space
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or posts itself in
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.BR /srv ,
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the Plan 9 kernel multiplexes the potentially many processes
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accessing the server into a single 9P conversation.
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The user-level server need not concern itself with how many
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processes are accessing it or with cleaning up after a process when it
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exits unexpectedly.
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On Unix,
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.I 9pserve
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takes the place of the Plan 9 kernel, multiplexing clients onto
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a single server conversation and cleaning up after clients when
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they hang up unexpectedly.
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.PP
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.I 9pserve
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announces a 9P service on
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.I addr
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and multiplexes any 9P clients connecting to
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.I addr
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into a single conversation with a 9P server on
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.IR 9pserve 's
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standard input and output.
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When a client hangs up,
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.I 9pserve
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flushes any outstanding 9P transactions
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and clunks any outstanding fids belonging to the client.
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.PP
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.I 9pserve
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is typically not invoked directly; use
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.IR post9pservice (3)
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instead.
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.SH "SEE ALSO
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.IR intro (4),
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.IR intro (9p)
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.SH SOURCE
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.B /usr/local/plan9/src/cmd/9pserve.c
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6
man/man4/INDEX
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6
man/man4/INDEX
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@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
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0intro 0intro.4
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intro 0intro.4
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9pserve 9pserve.4
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acme acme.4
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plumber plumber.4
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ramfs ramfs.4
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406
man/man4/acme.4
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406
man/man4/acme.4
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@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
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.TH ACME 4
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.SH NAME
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acme \- control files for text windows
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B acme
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[
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.B -f
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.I varfont
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] [
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.B -F
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.I fixfont
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]
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[
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.I file
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\&... ]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The text window system
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.IR acme (1)
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serves a variety of files for reading, writing, and controlling
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windows.
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Some of them are virtual versions of system files for dealing
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with the virtual console; others control operations
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of
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.I acme
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itself.
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When a command is run under
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.IR acme ,
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a directory holding these files is mounted on
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.B /mnt/acme
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(also bound to
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.BR /mnt/wsys )
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and also
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.BR /dev ;
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the files mentioned here
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appear in both those directories.
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.PP
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Some of these files supply virtual versions of services available from the underlying
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environment, in particular the character terminal files in Plan 9's
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\fIcons\fR(3).
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(Unlike in Plan 9's \fIrio\fR(1),
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each command under
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.I acme
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sees the same set of files; there is not a distinct
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.B /dev/cons
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for each window.)
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Other files are unique to
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.IR acme .
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.TP
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.B acme
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is a subdirectory used by
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.B win
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(see
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.IR acme (1))
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as a mount point for the
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.I acme
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files associated with the window in which
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.B win
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is running.
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It has no specific function under
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.I acme
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itself.
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.TP
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.B cons
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is the standard and diagnostic output file for all commands
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run under
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.IR acme .
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(Input for commands is redirected to
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.BR /dev/null .)
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Text written to
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.B cons
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appears in a window labeled
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.IB dir /+Errors\f1,
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where
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.I dir
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is the directory in which the command
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was run.
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The window is created if necessary, but not until text is actually written.
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.TP
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.B consctl
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Is an empty unwritable file present only for compatibility; there is no way
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to turn off `echo', for example, under
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.IR acme .
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.TP
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.B index
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holds a sequence of lines of text, one per window. Each line has 5 decimal numbers,
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each formatted in 11 characters plus a blank\(emthe window ID;
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number of characters (runes) in the tag;
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number of characters in the body;
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a 1 if the window is a directory, 0 otherwise;
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and a 1 if the window is modified, 0
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otherwise\(emfollowed by the tag up to a newline if present.
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Thus at character position 5×12 starts the name of the window.
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If a file has multiple zeroxed windows open,
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only the most recently used will appear in the
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.B index
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file.
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.TP
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.B label
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is an empty file, writable without effect, present only for compatibility with
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.BR rio .
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.TP
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.B new
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A directory analogous to the numbered directories
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.RI ( q.v. ).
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Accessing any
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file in
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.B new
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creates a new window. Thus to cause text to appear in a new window,
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write it to
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.BR /dev/new/body .
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For more control, open
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.BR /dev/new/ctl
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and use the interface described below.
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.LP
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.PP
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Each
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.I acme
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window has associated a directory numbered by its ID.
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Window IDs are chosen sequentially and may be discovered by the
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.B ID
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command, by
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reading the
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.B ctl
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file, or
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indirectly through the
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.B index
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file. The files in the numbered directories are as follows.
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.TP
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.B addr
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may be written with any textual address (line number, regular expression, etc.),
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in the format understood by button 3 but without the initial colon, including compound addresses,
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to set the address for text accessed through the
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.B data
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file.
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When read, it returns the value of the address that would next be read
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or written through the
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.B data
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file, in the format
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.BI # m ,# n
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where
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.I m
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and
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||||
.I n
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are character (not byte) offsets. If
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.I m
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and
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.I n
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are identical, the format is just
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.BI # m\f1.
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Thus a regular expression may be evaluated by writing it to
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.B addr
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and reading it back.
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The
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.B addr
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address has no effect on the user's selection of text.
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.TP
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.B body
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holds contents of the window body. It may be read at any byte offset.
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Text written to
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.B body
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is always appended; the file offset is ignored.
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.TP
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.B ctl
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may be read to recover the five numbers as held in the
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.B index
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file, described above, plus two more fields: the width of the
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window in pixels and the name of the font used in the window.
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Text messages may be written to
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.B ctl
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to affect the window.
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Each message is terminated by a newline and multiple
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messages may be sent in a single write.
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.RS .5i
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.TF limit=addr
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.TP
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.B addr=dot
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Set the
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.B addr
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address to that of the user's selected text in the window.
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.TP
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.B clean
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Mark the window clean as though it has just been written.
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.TP
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.B dirty
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Mark the window dirty, the opposite of clean.
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.TP
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.B cleartag
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Remove all text in the tag after the vertical bar.
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.TP
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.B del
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Equivalent to the
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.B Del
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interactive command.
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.TP
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.B delete
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Equivalent to the
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.B Delete
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interactive command.
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.TP
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.B dot=addr
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Set the user's selected text in the window to the text addressed by the
|
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.B addr
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address.
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.TP
|
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.BI dump " command
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Set the command string to recreate the window from a dump file.
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.TP
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.BI dumpdir " directory
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Set the directory in which to run the command to recreate the window from a dump file.
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.TP
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.B get
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Equivalent to the
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.B Get
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interactive command with no arguments; accepts no arguments.
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.TP
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.B limit=addr
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When the
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.B ctl
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file is first opened, regular expression context searches in
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.B addr
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addresses examine the whole file; this message restricts subsequent
|
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searches to the current
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.B addr
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address.
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.TP
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.B mark
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Cancel
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.BR nomark ,
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returning the window to the usual state wherein each modification to the
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body must be undone individually.
|
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.TP
|
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.BI name " name
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Set the name of the window to
|
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.IR name .
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.TP
|
||||
.B nomark
|
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Turn off automatic `marking' of changes, so a set of related changes
|
||||
may be undone in a single
|
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.B Undo
|
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interactive command.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B noscroll
|
||||
Turn off automatic `scrolling' of the window to show text written to the body.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B put
|
||||
Equivalent to the
|
||||
.B Put
|
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interactive command with no arguments; accepts no arguments.
|
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.TP
|
||||
.B scroll
|
||||
Cancel a
|
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.B noscroll
|
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message, returning the window to the default state wherein each write
|
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to the
|
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.B body
|
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file causes the window to `scroll' to display the new text.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B show
|
||||
Guarantee at least some of the selected text is visible on the display.
|
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.RE
|
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.PD
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B data
|
||||
is used in conjunction with
|
||||
.B addr
|
||||
for random access to the contents of the body.
|
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The file offset is ignored when writing the
|
||||
.B data
|
||||
file; instead the location of the data to be read or written is determined by the state of the
|
||||
.B addr
|
||||
file.
|
||||
Text, which must contain only whole characters (no `partial runes'),
|
||||
written to
|
||||
.B data
|
||||
replaces the characters addressed by the
|
||||
.B addr
|
||||
file and sets the address to the null string at the end of the written text.
|
||||
A read from
|
||||
.B data
|
||||
returns as many whole characters as the read count will permit starting
|
||||
at the beginning of the
|
||||
.B addr
|
||||
address (the end of the address has no effect)
|
||||
and sets the address to the null string at the end of the returned
|
||||
characters.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B event
|
||||
When a window's
|
||||
.B event
|
||||
file is open, changes to the window occur as always but the
|
||||
actions are also reported as
|
||||
messages to the reader of the file. Also, user actions with buttons 2 and 3
|
||||
(other than chorded
|
||||
.B Cut
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR Paste ,
|
||||
which behave normally) have no immediate effect on the window;
|
||||
it is expected that the program reading the
|
||||
.B event
|
||||
file will interpret them.
|
||||
The messages have a fixed format:
|
||||
a character indicating the origin or cause of the action,
|
||||
a character indicating the type of the action,
|
||||
four free-format blank-terminated decimal numbers,
|
||||
optional text, and a newline.
|
||||
The first and second numbers are the character addresses of the action,
|
||||
the third is a flag,
|
||||
and the final is a count of the characters in the optional text, which
|
||||
may itself contain newlines.
|
||||
The origin characters are
|
||||
.B E
|
||||
for writes to the
|
||||
.B body
|
||||
or
|
||||
.B tag
|
||||
file,
|
||||
.B F
|
||||
for actions through the window's other files,
|
||||
.B K
|
||||
for the keyboard, and
|
||||
.B M
|
||||
for the mouse.
|
||||
The type characters are
|
||||
.B D
|
||||
for text deleted from the body,
|
||||
.B d
|
||||
for text deleted from the tag,
|
||||
.B I
|
||||
for text inserted to the body,
|
||||
.B i
|
||||
for text inserted to the tag,
|
||||
.B L
|
||||
for a button 3 action in the body,
|
||||
.B l
|
||||
for a button 3 action in the tag,
|
||||
.B X
|
||||
for a button 2 action in the body, and
|
||||
.B x
|
||||
for a button 2 action in the tag.
|
||||
.IP
|
||||
If the relevant text has less than 256 characters, it is included in the message;
|
||||
otherwise it is elided, the fourth number is 0, and the program must read
|
||||
it from the
|
||||
.B data
|
||||
file if needed. No text is sent on a
|
||||
.B D
|
||||
or
|
||||
.B d
|
||||
message.
|
||||
.IP
|
||||
For
|
||||
.BR D ,
|
||||
.BR d ,
|
||||
.BR I ,
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR i
|
||||
the flag is always zero.
|
||||
For
|
||||
.BR X
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR x ,
|
||||
the flag is a bitwise OR (reported decimally) of the following:
|
||||
1 if the text indicated is recognized as an
|
||||
.I acme
|
||||
built-in command;
|
||||
2 if the text indicated is a null string that has a non-null expansion;
|
||||
if so, another complete message will follow describing the expansion
|
||||
exactly as if it had been indicated explicitly (its flag will always be 0);
|
||||
8 if the command has an extra (chorded) argument; if so,
|
||||
two more complete messages will follow reporting the argument (with
|
||||
all numbers 0 except the character count) and where it originated, in the form of
|
||||
a fully-qualified button 3 style address.
|
||||
.IP
|
||||
For
|
||||
.B L
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR l ,
|
||||
the flag is the bitwise OR of the following:
|
||||
1 if
|
||||
.I acme
|
||||
can interpret the action without loading a new file;
|
||||
2 if a second (post-expansion) message follows, analogous to that with
|
||||
.B X
|
||||
messages;
|
||||
4 if the text is a file or window name (perhaps with address) rather than
|
||||
plain literal text.
|
||||
.IP
|
||||
For messages with the 1 bit on in the flag,
|
||||
writing the message back to the
|
||||
.B event
|
||||
file, but with the flag, count, and text omitted,
|
||||
will cause the action to be applied to the file exactly as it would
|
||||
have been if the
|
||||
.B event
|
||||
file had not been open.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B tag
|
||||
holds contents of the window tag. It may be read at any byte offset.
|
||||
Text written to
|
||||
.B tag
|
||||
is always appended; the file offset is ignored.
|
||||
.SH SOURCE
|
||||
.B /usr/local/plan9/src/cmd/acme
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
.IR rio (1),
|
||||
.IR acme (1)
|
||||
121
man/man4/plumber.4
Normal file
121
man/man4/plumber.4
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
|
|||
.TH PLUMBER 4
|
||||
.SH NAME
|
||||
plumber \- file system for interprocess messaging
|
||||
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
||||
.B plumber
|
||||
[
|
||||
.B -p
|
||||
.I plumbing
|
||||
]
|
||||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||
The
|
||||
.I plumber
|
||||
is a user-level file server that receives, examines, rewrites, and dispatches
|
||||
.IR plumb (7)
|
||||
messages between programs.
|
||||
Its behavior is programmed by a
|
||||
.I plumbing
|
||||
file (default
|
||||
.BR /usr/$user/lib/plumbing )
|
||||
in the format of
|
||||
.IR plumb (7).
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Its services are posted via
|
||||
.IR 9pserve (4)
|
||||
as
|
||||
.BR plumb .
|
||||
and consist of two
|
||||
pre-defined files,
|
||||
.B plumb/send
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR plumb/rules ,
|
||||
and a set of output
|
||||
.I ports
|
||||
for dispatching messages to applications.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Programs use
|
||||
.B fswrite
|
||||
(see
|
||||
.IR 9pclient (3))
|
||||
to deliver messages to the
|
||||
.B send
|
||||
file, and
|
||||
.I fsread
|
||||
to receive them from the corresponding port.
|
||||
For example,
|
||||
.IR sam (1)'s
|
||||
.B plumb
|
||||
menu item or the
|
||||
.B B
|
||||
command cause a message to be sent to
|
||||
.BR plumb/send ;
|
||||
.B sam
|
||||
in turn reads from, by convention,
|
||||
.B plumb/edit
|
||||
to receive messages about files to open.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
A copy of each message is sent to each client that has the corresponding port open.
|
||||
If none has it open, and the rule has a
|
||||
.B plumb
|
||||
.B client
|
||||
or
|
||||
.B plumb
|
||||
.B start
|
||||
rule, that rule is applied.
|
||||
A
|
||||
.B plumb
|
||||
.B client
|
||||
rule causes the specified command to be run
|
||||
and the message to be held for delivery when the port is opened.
|
||||
A
|
||||
.B plumb
|
||||
.B start
|
||||
rule runs the command but discards the message.
|
||||
If neither
|
||||
.B start
|
||||
or
|
||||
.B client
|
||||
is specified and the port is not open,
|
||||
the message is discarded and a write error is returned to the sender.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
The set of output ports is determined dynamically by the
|
||||
specification in the plumbing rules file: a port is created for each unique
|
||||
destination of a
|
||||
.B plumb
|
||||
.B to
|
||||
rule.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
The set of rules currently active may be examined by reading the file
|
||||
.BR plumb/rules ;
|
||||
appending to this file adds new rules to the set, while
|
||||
creating it (opening it with
|
||||
.BR OTRUNC )
|
||||
clears the rule set.
|
||||
Thus the rule set may be edited dynamically with a traditional text editor.
|
||||
However, ports are never deleted dynamically; if a new set of rules does not
|
||||
include a port that was defined in earlier rules, that port will still exist (although
|
||||
no new messages will be delivered there).
|
||||
.SH FILES
|
||||
.TF /usr/$user/lib/plumbing
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B /usr/$user/lib/plumbing
|
||||
default rules file
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B /usr/local/plan9/plumb
|
||||
directory to search for files in
|
||||
.B include
|
||||
statements
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B plumb
|
||||
mount name for
|
||||
.IR plumber (4).
|
||||
.SH SOURCE
|
||||
.B /usr/local/plan9/src/cmd/plumb
|
||||
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
||||
.IR plumb (1),
|
||||
.IR plumb (3),
|
||||
.IR plumb (7)
|
||||
.\" .SH BUGS
|
||||
.\" .IR Plumber 's
|
||||
.\" file name space is fixed, so it is difficult to plumb
|
||||
.\" messages that involve files in newly mounted services.
|
||||
50
man/man4/ramfs.4
Normal file
50
man/man4/ramfs.4
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
|
|||
.TH RAMFS 4
|
||||
.SH NAME
|
||||
ramfs \- memory file system
|
||||
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
||||
.B ramfs
|
||||
[
|
||||
.B -i
|
||||
]
|
||||
[
|
||||
.B -S
|
||||
.I service
|
||||
]
|
||||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||
.I Ramfs
|
||||
starts a 9P file server
|
||||
keeping all files in memory.
|
||||
Initially the file tree is empty.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
By default
|
||||
.I ramfs
|
||||
posts its service as
|
||||
.B ramfs
|
||||
using
|
||||
.IR 9pserve (4).
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
The
|
||||
.B -S
|
||||
flag specifies an alternate service name for ramfs to use.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
The
|
||||
.B -i
|
||||
flag tells
|
||||
.I ramfs
|
||||
to use file descriptors 0 and 1 for its communication channel
|
||||
rather than create a pipe.
|
||||
This makes it possible to use
|
||||
.I ramfs
|
||||
as a file server on a remote machine: the file descriptors 0
|
||||
and 1 will be the network channel from
|
||||
.I ramfs
|
||||
to the client machine.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
This program is useful mainly as an example of how
|
||||
to write a user-level file server.
|
||||
It can also be used to provide high-performance temporary files.
|
||||
.SH SOURCE
|
||||
.B /usr/local/plan9/src/cmd/ramfs.c
|
||||
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
||||
.IR 9p (3),
|
||||
.IR 9pserve (4)
|
||||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue