301 lines
16 KiB
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301 lines
16 KiB
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<title>sed(1) - Plan 9 from User Space</title>
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<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv=Content-Type>
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</head>
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<body bgcolor=#ffffff>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%>
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<tr height=10><td>
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<tr><td width=20><td>
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<tr><td width=20><td><b>SED(1)</b><td align=right><b>SED(1)</b>
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<tr><td width=20><td colspan=2>
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<br>
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<p><font size=+1><b>NAME </b></font><br>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
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sed – stream editor<br>
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</table>
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<p><font size=+1><b>SYNOPSIS </b></font><br>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
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<tt><font size=+1>sed</font></tt> [ <tt><font size=+1>−n</font></tt> ] [ <tt><font size=+1>−g</font></tt> ] [ <tt><font size=+1>−e</font></tt> <i>script</i> ] [ <tt><font size=+1>−f</font></tt> <i>sfile</i> ] [ <i>file ...</i> ]<br>
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</table>
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<p><font size=+1><b>DESCRIPTION </b></font><br>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
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<i>Sed</i> copies the named <i>files</i> (standard input default) to the standard
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output, edited according to a script of commands. The <tt><font size=+1>−f</font></tt> option
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causes the script to be taken from file <i>sfile</i>; these options accumulate.
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If there is just one <tt><font size=+1>−e</font></tt> option and no <tt><font size=+1>−f</font></tt>’s, the flag <tt><font size=+1>−e</font></tt> may be
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omitted. The <tt><font size=+1>−n</font></tt> option suppresses the default
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output; <tt><font size=+1>−g</font></tt> causes all substitutions to be global, as if suffixed
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<tt><font size=+1>g</font></tt>.
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
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A script consists of editing commands, one per line, of the following
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form:<br>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
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[<i>address</i> [<tt><font size=+1>,</font></tt> <i>address</i>] ] <i>function</i> [<i>argument</i> ...]
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
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</table>
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In normal operation <i>sed</i> cyclically copies a line of input into
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a <i>pattern space</i> (unless there is something left after a <tt><font size=+1>D</font></tt> command),
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applies in sequence all commands whose <i>addresses</i> select that pattern
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space, and at the end of the script copies the pattern space to
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the standard output (except under <tt><font size=+1>−n</font></tt>) and deletes the
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pattern space.
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
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An <i>address</i> is either a decimal number that counts input lines
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cumulatively across files, a <tt><font size=+1>$</font></tt> that addresses the last line of
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input, or a context address, <tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt><i>regular-expression</i><tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt>, in the style
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of <a href="../man7/regexp.html"><i>regexp</i>(7)</a>, with the added convention that <tt><font size=+1>\n</font></tt> matches a newline
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embedded in the pattern space.
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
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A command line with no addresses selects every pattern space.
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A command line with one address selects each pattern space that
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matches the address.
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A command line with two addresses selects the inclusive range
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from the first pattern space that matches the first address through
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the next pattern space that matches the second. (If the second
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address is a number less than or equal to the line number first
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selected, only one line is selected.) Thereafter the process is
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repeated, looking again for the first address.
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
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Editing commands can be applied to non-selected pattern spaces
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by use of the negation function <tt><font size=+1>!</font></tt> (below).
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
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An argument denoted <i>text</i> consists of one or more lines, all but
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the last of which end with <tt><font size=+1>\</font></tt> to hide the newline. Backslashes
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in text are treated like backslashes in the replacement string
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of an <tt><font size=+1>s</font></tt> command, and may be used to protect initial blanks and
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tabs against the stripping that is done on every script line.
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
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An argument denoted <i>rfile</i> or <i>wfile</i> must terminate the command
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line and must be preceded by exactly one blank. Each <i>wfile</i> is
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created before processing begins. There can be at most 120 distinct
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<i>wfile</i> arguments.<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>a\<br>
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</font></tt><i>text</i> Append. Place <i>text</i> on the output before reading the next input
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line.<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>b</font></tt> <i>label</i> Branch to the <tt><font size=+1>:</font></tt> command bearing the <i>label</i>. If <i>label</i> is
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empty, branch to the end of the script.<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>c\<br>
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</font></tt><i>text</i> Change. Delete the pattern space. With 0 or 1 address or at
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the end of a 2-address range, place <i>text</i> on the output. Start
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the next cycle.<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>d</font></tt> Delete the pattern space. Start the next cycle.<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>D</font></tt> Delete the initial segment of the pattern space through the first
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newline. Start the next cycle.<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>g</font></tt> Replace the contents of the pattern space by the contents of
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the hold space.<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>G</font></tt> Append the contents of the hold space to the pattern space.<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>h</font></tt> Replace the contents of the hold space by the contents of the
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pattern space.<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>H</font></tt> Append the contents of the pattern space to the hold space.<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>i\<br>
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</font></tt><i>text</i> Insert. Place <i>text</i> on the standard output.<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>n</font></tt> Copy the pattern space to the standard output. Replace the pattern
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space with the next line of input.<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>N</font></tt> Append the next line of input to the pattern space with an embedded
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newline. (The current line number changes.)<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>p</font></tt> Print. Copy the pattern space to the standard output.<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>P</font></tt> Copy the initial segment of the pattern space through the first
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newline to the standard output.<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>q</font></tt> Quit. Branch to the end of the script. Do not start a new cycle.<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>r</font></tt> <i>rfile</i> Read the contents of <i>rfile</i>. Place them on the output before
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reading the next input line.<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>s/</font></tt><i>regular-expression</i><tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt><i>replacement</i><tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt><i>flags<br>
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</i>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
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Substitute the <i>replacement</i> string for instances of the <i>regular-expression</i>
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in the pattern space. Any character may be used instead of <tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt>.
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For a fuller description see <a href="../man7/regexp.html"><i>regexp</i>(7)</a>. <i>Flags</i> is zero or more
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of<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>g</font></tt> Global. Substitute for all non-overlapping instances of the <i>regular
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expression</i> rather than just the first one.<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>p</font></tt> Print the pattern space if a replacement was made.<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>w</font></tt> <i>wfile<br>
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</i>Write. Append the pattern space to <i>wfile</i> if a replacement was
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made.<br>
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</table>
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</table>
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<tt><font size=+1>t</font></tt> <i>label</i> Test. Branch to the <tt><font size=+1>:</font></tt> command bearing the <i>label</i> if any
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substitutions have been made since the most recent reading of
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an input line or execution of a <tt><font size=+1>t</font></tt>. If <i>label</i> is empty, branch to
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the end of the script.<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>w</font></tt><i> wfile<br>
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</i>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
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Write. Append the pattern space to <i>wfile</i>.<br>
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</table>
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</table>
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<tt><font size=+1>x</font></tt> Exchange the contents of the pattern and hold spaces.<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>y/</font></tt><i>string1</i><tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt><i>string2</i><tt><font size=+1>/<br>
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</font></tt>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
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Transform. Replace all occurrences of characters in <i>string1</i> with
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the corresponding character in <i>string2</i>. The lengths of <i>string1</i>
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and <i>string2</i> must be equal.<br>
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</table>
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</table>
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<tt><font size=+1>!</font></tt><i>function</i> Don’t. Apply the <i>function</i> (or group, if <i>function</i> is <tt><font size=+1>{</font></tt>)
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only to lines <i>not</i> selected by the address(es).<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>:</font></tt> <i>label</i> This command does nothing; it bears a <i>label</i> for <tt><font size=+1>b</font></tt> and <tt><font size=+1>t</font></tt>
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commands to branch to.<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>=</font></tt> Place the current line number on the standard output as a line.<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>{</font></tt> Execute the following commands through a matching <tt><font size=+1>}</font></tt> only when
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the pattern space is selected.<br>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
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An empty command is ignored.<br>
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</table>
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</table>
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</table>
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<p><font size=+1><b>EXAMPLES </b></font><br>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
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<tt><font size=+1>sed 10q file<br>
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</font></tt>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
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Print the first 10 lines of the file.<br>
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</table>
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<tt><font size=+1>sed '/^$/d'<br>
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</font></tt>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
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Delete empty lines from standard input.<br>
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</table>
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<tt><font size=+1>sed 's/UNIX/& system/g'<br>
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</font></tt>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
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Replace every instance of <tt><font size=+1>UNIX</font></tt> by <tt><font size=+1>UNIX system</font></tt>.
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
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</table>
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<tt><font size=+1>sed 's/ *$// </font></tt> drop trailing blanks<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>/^$/d </font></tt> drop empty lines<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>s/ */\ </font></tt> replace blanks by newlines<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>/g<br>
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/^$/d' chapter*<br>
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</font></tt>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
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Print the files <tt><font size=+1>chapter1</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>chapter2</font></tt>, etc. one word to a line.
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
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</table>
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<tt><font size=+1>nroff −ms manuscript | sed '<br>
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${<br>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
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/^$/p
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</table>
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</font></tt>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
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if last line of file is empty, print it<br>
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</table>
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<tt><font size=+1>}<br>
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//N </font></tt> if current line is empty, append next line<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>/^\n$/D' </font></tt> if two lines are empty, delete the first<br>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
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Delete all but one of each group of empty lines from a formatted
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manuscript.<br>
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</table>
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</table>
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<p><font size=+1><b>SOURCE </b></font><br>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
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<tt><font size=+1>/usr/local/plan9/src/cmd/sed.c<br>
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</font></tt>
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</table>
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<p><font size=+1><b>SEE ALSO </b></font><br>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
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<a href="../man1/ed.html"><i>ed</i>(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/grep.html"><i>grep</i>(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/awk.html"><i>awk</i>(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/lex.html"><i>lex</i>(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/sam.html"><i>sam</i>(1)</a>, <a href="../man7/regexp.html"><i>regexp</i>(7)</a><br>
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L. E. McMahon, ‘SED -- A Non-interactive Text Editor’, Unix Research
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System Programmer’s Manual, Volume 2.<br>
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</table>
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<p><font size=+1><b>BUGS </b></font><br>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
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If input is from a pipe, buffering may consume characters beyond
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a line on which a <tt><font size=+1>q</font></tt> command is executed.<br>
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|
|
||
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</table>
|
||
|
|
|
||
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|
<td width=20>
|
||
|
|
<tr height=20><td>
|
||
|
|
</table>
|
||
|
|
<!-- TRAILER -->
|
||
|
|
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%>
|
||
|
|
<tr height=15><td width=10><td><td width=10>
|
||
|
|
<tr><td><td>
|
||
|
|
<center>
|
||
|
|
<a href="../../"><img src="../../dist/spaceglenda100.png" alt="Space Glenda" border=1></a>
|
||
|
|
</center>
|
||
|
|
</table>
|
||
|
|
<!-- TRAILER -->
|
||
|
|
</body></html>
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